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Illustration of a consultation reviewing spinal imaging

Scoliosis

Understanding a sideways spinal curve and the role of symptoms, balance, and function in care.

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Overview

Understanding scoliosis

Scoliosis is a sideways spinal curve that usually includes rotation of the vertebrae. It may begin during growth or develop later with degenerative changes. Evaluation considers the whole person, including the curve, spinal balance, symptoms, and daily activities.

Common symptoms

  • Uneven shoulders, waist, or hip height.
  • Back discomfort or fatigue with standing and activity.
  • In some cases, leg pain or numbness from associated nerve narrowing.

What can cause it?

Some curves have no single identified cause. Others relate to differences in spinal development or other medical conditions. In adults, uneven disc and joint degeneration can create or worsen a curve. A longstanding curve and a newly developed curve may need different discussions.

How it is evaluated

An examination assesses posture, balance, and nerve function. Standing spinal X-rays help measure alignment; earlier images can show whether it has changed. Additional imaging may be considered for nerve symptoms. A curve measurement alone does not determine treatment.

Treatment considerations

These are general educational options. A consultation helps determine what is appropriate for your diagnosis and health.

Observation and symptom-focused care

Depending on age, curve pattern, and symptoms, care may involve follow-up and rehabilitation. Physical therapy can support function even when it does not straighten a structural curve.

Explore nonsurgical care →

Evaluate associated nerve symptoms

When walking or leg symptoms are prominent, assessment also looks for spinal stenosis rather than attributing every symptom to the curve.

Read about spinal stenosis →

Discuss correction when appropriate

Significant symptoms, progression, or imbalance may prompt surgical evaluation. The adult scoliosis correction guide explains the planning discussion and links to related procedures.

Understand scoliosis correction →
Explore spine injuries and deformity →

Questions for your visit

  • Has my curve changed, and which symptoms are related to it?
  • What are the goals of observation, rehabilitation, or an operation in my situation?

Sources and further reading

This guide is educational and does not replace an individual medical evaluation.

Bring your questions. Understand your options.

Talk with a member of our team about your symptoms and next steps.

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