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Illustration of a herniated spinal disc

Herniated Disc

How changes in a spinal disc can cause neck, back, arm, or leg symptoms.

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Overview

Understanding herniated disc

A herniated disc occurs when material from the disc’s soft center pushes through its outer layer. Nearby nerves may become compressed. Herniations can occur in the neck or lower back.

Common symptoms

  • Pain that may travel into an arm or leg.
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness along an affected nerve.
  • Some herniated discs cause little or no pain.

What can cause it?

Disc tissue changes with age. A strain or injury can also contribute to a herniation.

How it is evaluated

The location of your symptoms, examination findings, and imaging help identify the affected area. MRI can show discs and nerves; a plain X-ray does not show a disc herniation.

Treatment considerations

These are general educational options. A consultation helps determine what is appropriate for your diagnosis and health.

Conservative care

Many people improve without surgery. Physical therapy, activity adjustments, and medication may be considered.

Explore nonsurgical care →

Injections

An epidural injection may be discussed to help manage nerve-related symptoms.

Surgical evaluation

Ongoing symptoms or progressive weakness may warrant surgical evaluation. A discectomy removes disc material causing nerve pressure. The procedure depends on the individual diagnosis.

Understand lumbar microdiscectomy →
Disc replacement: evaluation and options →

Sources and further reading

This guide is educational and does not replace an individual medical evaluation.

Bring your questions. Understand your options.

Talk with a member of our team about your symptoms and next steps.

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